FATE AND TRANSPORT OF CHLORIDE FROM PRODUCED WATER SPILLS TO GROUND WATER, LEA COUNTY, NEW MEXICO

Randall T. Hicks*
David Hamilton

R.T. Hicks Consultants, Ltd.
901 Rio Grande NW, Suite F-142
Albuquerque, NM 87104
Voice: 505-266-5004
Fax: 505-266-0745
E-mail: R@rthicksconsult.com

Jirka Simunek
University of California Riverside
Riverside, CA

In the arid climate of Lea County, New Mexico, chloride ions that are released near the ground surface may be sequestered in the vadose zone for years, decades or centuries. The low velocity of unsaturated flow causes not only the long-term sequestration but a very small flux of chloride mass into an underlying aquifer. Dilution of chloride in the aquifer effectively mitigates the impact of the produced water release.

We used the unsaturated simulation model HYDRUS-1D to predict the fate and transport of chloride migration in the vadose zone at four sites in Lea County, New Mexico: two surface spills, one long-term small pipeline leak, and long-term disposal to an unlined pit. We found that long-term disposal to the pit and the pipeline leak created saturated flow to ground water and caused some impairment of ground water quality. At the two surface release sites, HYDRUS-1D predicted sequestration in the vadose zone for up to 350 years. In all cases, the residual chloride in the vadose zone posed no material threat to ground water quality.